The graphic editor "Splan" is distributed free of charge, it is known among radio amateurs, electricians and electrical personnel. It is convenient in operation, has an intuitive interface and a large library of templates of electronic components, which can be replenished with your own developments.

To explain the principles of drawing in the sPlan 7.0 program, we use a common electric lighter circuit, which from a voltage of 2.4 volts from two batteries generates a high-voltage spark discharge pulse to ignite the gas.

This design consists of: an oscillator operating from transistors, a transformer that increases their oscillations to about 150 volts, a high-voltage transformer, which triggers the thyristor circuit. Schematic diagram of an electric lighter ...

A contactor is an electric electromagnetic device that is designed for frequent switching of power circuits in normal conditions. The contactor is switched off and on remotely in manual mode or by applying a control pulse from other devices. Depending on the type, contactors can have from one to four poles of power contacts and can be used in circuits, both alternating and direct current. To extinguish the arc arising in the process of switching the load currents, arc chokes are provided in the design of the contactors.

Modular contactors are compact electrical devices that are designed to be mounted on a special DIN rail. The rated current of the modular contactors is up to 100 A, the rated voltage is up to 660 V.  The contactor is designed for switching currents in normal mode. That is, this electrical apparatus...

A team of researchers from the University of Michigan, led by Richard Lunt, has developed a unique solar concentrator that can convert only part of the solar spectrum into ultraviolet, which is not perceptible to the human eye. The material is transparent to visible light, which means that such transparent solar panels can be easily inserted instead of window glass, while the window will look completely familiar, like ordinary glass in it, but electricity will be generated along the way. The development was called "transparent luminescent solar concentrator."

Colored luminescent solar concentrators are already widely known, in which part of the spectrum of the radiation incident on the concentrator is absorbed in the colored upper layer, then reradiated with a longer wavelength. Then through the second, transparent layer ...

A compact fluorescent lamp (housekeeper) is popular because of the significantly lower power consumption compared to traditional incandescent lamps. But, often there is such an unpleasant situation as the flashing of the housekeepers, which occurs when the switch of a given lamp is turned off. That is, the fluorescent lamp operates in normal mode, but continues to flash when turned off, which, firstly, causes inconvenience, and secondly, it causes concern regarding the safety of the lamp in this mode.

Below we consider the main causes of the flashing of compact fluorescent lamps and the corresponding methods for solving this problem.One of the most common problems of flickering housekeepers is the presence of this backlight in the light switch. In this case, the flashing occurs because the circuit supplying the LED ...

Inside modern multi-story buildings and private houses, electrical wiring can work according to different connection schemes to the ground loop. Any owner of a dwelling should know its features in his building, since each scheme in different ways ensures the safety of using household electrical appliances.

All residential buildings are connected to power transformer substations by overhead or cable power lines. Almost all of them have four wires, which can be indicated by the indices "A", "B", "C" and "0" or "L1", "L2", "L3" and "PEN". These wires are planted on the terminals of the main switchboard of the building and routed along it.

Moreover, the PEN conductor can be connected with splitting into two components of the circuit PE and N or directly without any separation. In the first case, the house uses a new system ...

The law of conservation of energy is truly unshakable, and the centuries-old experience of science and technology has taught scientists to rely on it as a basis. A huge number of technical devices, which could be listed endlessly, has been created by mankind at the moment, relying on the fundamental laws of nature and the whole universe. Only a few, out of a great many such devices, can be mentioned as an example.

Bow and arrow, wheel, oar, sail, lever, compass, gunpowder, microscope and telescope, steam engine, telegraph, dynamite, electric generator and electric motor, incandescent lamp, transformer, battery, atomic bomb, transistor, laser, artificial satellites and spacecraft.

Everywhere, the law of conservation of energy is strictly observed: pulling a bow string, a person does the work, while the bow arc stores potential energy, which is then converted ...

Wireless infrared (IR) motion sensors that do not require wiring are one of the most popular devices for providing automated control of the security of a room or any other territory. This can be the territory of a dwelling, a personal plot, a car parking, an industrial facility or an office building. Such a sensor is a miniature device, the function of which is to detect a moving object in its area of ​​operation and turn on the alarm.

Wireless communication between the sensor and the alarm unit is via a secure radio channel, and the transmission frequency is usually 433 MHz, but it may also differ, for example, there are sensors that transmit an alarm at a frequency of 868 MHz. The distance between the alarm unit and the wireless sensor should not exceed 100-200 meters, subject to direct visibility. Obstacles significantly reduce distance ...

In the kit of the home master, you need to have a soldering iron, sometimes even several different capacities and designs. The industry produces many different models, they are not difficult to purchase. The photo shows a working sample of the release of the 80s.

However, many craftsmen are interested in home-made designs. One of them at 80 watts is shown in the photo. This soldering iron managed to solder 2.5 square copper wires in the street in cold weather and to change transistors and other components of electronic circuits on printed circuit boards in the laboratory.

The “Moment” soldering iron is powered by ~ 220 volts electric network, representing an ordinary transformer, in which the secondary winding is shorted by a copper jumper.When turned on for a few seconds, a short circuit current flows through it ...