The massive construction of the housing stock and the ongoing reconstruction of old buildings push apartment owners to the need to independently understand the technologies for performing electrical work in their premises. This allows you to create an individual electrical system that meets the specific needs of the owner, rather than using a typical circuit designed for the average consumer.

In order to properly assemble the electrical panel in a newly built apartment, it is necessary to draw up a project, in which it is necessary to provide for the detailed implementation of your needs inside each room, to consider the location of the lamps and switches for them, the number of sockets for portable and stationary electrical appliances. Along with electric wires, it is often necessary to lay pipelines for water supply, heating, telephone linesantenna cables ...

The whole civilized world is gradually, but with more and more decisive, switching to LED lighting, and this is not at all surprising, since LEDs open a new era in the technology of light production itself, so this highly effective technology claims to be the main one of its kind in 21 century. But how will the use of LEDs affect human health? We will try to figure it out now.

Let's start with the environmental aspect associated with the content or absence of heavy metals in LED lamps. More recently, fluorescent energy-saving lamps containing mercury vapor in a flask were very popular, and this is a fact that causes unreasonable fears. In the event of a malfunction, the disposal of such lamps should be carried out in a special way, they cannot simply be taken and thrown into the bin, and, as a result, in many countries the distribution of these lamps is ...

Such a question sometimes arises for novice electricians or apartment owners who are well versed in a set of repair tools, but previously did not particularly delve into the wiring device. And then the moment came when the socket stopped working or the light in the chandelier shone, but I do not want to call an electrician and there is a great desire to do everything ourselves.

In this case, the primary task of the home master is not to eliminate the malfunction, as it seems at first glance, but to observe the rules of electrical safety, eliminating the possibility of falling under the influence of electric current. For some reason, many forget about it, neglecting their health.

All current-carrying parts of the wiring must be reliably insulated, and the contacts of the sockets are hidden deep into the case so that they cannot be accidentally touched by exposed parts of the body ...

A photorelay is a useful automation device that allows you to automatically control the light depending on external lighting. The device arrived hermetically sealed in an antistatic.

The installation is excellent, the board is washed. Light sensor (photoresistor) on the connector, wire length 30cm Power supply 12V, current consumption when the relay is off - 3.75mA, when on - 36mA. There is protection against reverse polarity of the power supply (diode).

The power supply is indicated by a red LED, when the relay is activated, the blue LED lights up. Trimmer adjusts the sensitivity of the photo relay. When the illumination decreases below the threshold, the relay is activated. The sensitivity adjustment range is wide enough. The circuit is the simplest analog device on a dual comparator LM2903. Switching relay with changeover contact ...

For home lighting, switches of various designs are used. All of them relate to switching devices with two positions of the working body, which determine the boundary states of opening the electric circuit and applying voltage to the lamp.

Lighting control in most cases is performed manually. Housing switches are designed to work in home wiring at rated network parameters and are not designed to trip excess currents and short circuits.

This protective function is carried out by the automatic switches of the apartment panel, which are equipped with current releases, cut-off mechanisms and arc extinction systems. Any model of a light switch is created for certain technical tasks: operating current, mains voltage, degree of dust and moisture resistance, installation method...

Living quarters for people are constantly being improved. They are increasingly appearing electrical appliances that improve life. Electricity consumption increases, and the wires laid during construction generate a resource: metal and insulation age, losing their properties from overloads, heating, ultraviolet radiation and mechanical stress.

The aluminum wiring operated since the times of the USSR has long been in need of replacement. Increased safety requirements canceled the TN-C system, which did not provide for the grounding of electrical appliance housings, the use of a potential equalization system, and protection against leakage currents.

Owners of old apartments do not always imagine how wires are placed in their rooms, because there are many options for laying them. The main classification of wiring is carried out by type of installation ...

Over the past few years, many companies involved in the development of green sources of energy have been conducting painstaking research aimed at finding alternative methods for generating it. So, the Dutch company Plant-e was successful in using for this purpose the by-products of photosynthesis of some water-loving plants.

The principle of generating electricity is somewhat similar to the well-known school experiment, when the electrodes inserted in potatoes or in lemon allow some electricity to be extracted, however, the technology described here has a more complex device.

The presentation of Plant-e's new technology took place in the autumn of 2014 in a park in Hamburg. The project was called “Starry Sky”, and its essence was that 300 ordinary LED lamps will receive electricity from living plants ...

The main purpose of this device is to measure the power consumption of the monitored section of the electrical circuit and display its magnitude in a human-friendly form. The element base uses electronic components operating on semiconductors or microprocessor designs. Such devices are produced for working with current circuits: a constant value and a sinusoidal harmonic shape.

DC electricity meters only work at industrial enterprises that operate powerful equipment with high consumption of constant power (electrified railway transport, electric cars ...). For domestic purposes, they are not used, are issued in limited quantities. Therefore, we will not consider them in the further material of this article, although the principle of their operation differs from models operating on alternating current ...