Plasma in physics is the fourth state of matter after solid, liquid, and gaseous forms, when partial or complete ionization of the medium from previously neutral molecules and atoms occurs under the condition of quasineutrality: the volume density of all charged particles is equal.

The welding technique uses the following properties of low-temperature (less than a million degrees Kelvin scale) plasma: very high electrical conductivity, the strong influence of external magnetic fields on the flow of currents in it, contributing to the formation of jets and layers, the manifestation of collective effects, manifested by the predominance of magnetic and electric forces over gravitational. In this welding method, the source of heating metals to the melting point is a plasma arc of ionized gas, which is directed in the right direction. It is produced by a special device ...

Despite the wide choice in stores of LED flashlights of various designs, hams are developing their own options for powering white super-bright LEDs. Basically, the task boils down to how to power the LED from just one battery or accumulator, to conduct practical research.

After a positive result is obtained, the scheme is disassembled, the details are put in a box, the experiment is completed, moral satisfaction ensues. Often, studies stop at this, but sometimes the experience of assembling a particular assembly on a breadboard goes into a real design, made according to all the rules of art. The following are some simple circuits developed by ham radio operators. In some cases, it is very difficult to establish who is the author of the scheme, since the same scheme appears on different sites and in different articles. Often authors of articles honestly write that this article was found on the Internet ...

A team of engineers from several universities has developed something that in the future will help solve the problem of late discharge of batteries from portable electronic devices such as cell phones, smartphones, tablets and others. Gadgets can be recharged literally on the go, eliminating the need to connect to an outlet using an electric wire.

Nano generators built directly into the case or in the case of a mobile device will collect and convert the energy of vibration of a surface, such as the passenger seat of a moving car, into electricity and charge the battery of a mobile device, such as a smartphone. Associate Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, Xudong Wang, believes that the development of this idea will lead to the creation of self-charging personal electronics. Nanogenerator basically uses a piezoelectric polymer material ...

Voltage level is one of the criteria for the quality of power supply. Each household appliance is designed for continuous normal operation provided that it is supplied with voltage that is within acceptable limits. In this article, we will consider the question of what voltage in the household network is optimal for the operation of electrical appliances.

First of all, it should be noted that many different factors affect the voltage level in the electric network. Electricity from the source - the power plant to the final consumer, in particular to residential buildings, comes through several stages of conversion. At the first stage, the voltage rises to transmit it over long distances, through the power system.As you approach the end user, electricity goes through several stages of voltage conversion to the values ​​used in everyday life. Fixed voltage values ​​in various parts of the power system ...

It is known that two lamps of different types, even with the same color temperature, such as a fluorescent lamp and an incandescent lamp, often convey the colors of the objects illuminated by them in different ways. A fluorescent lamp, in comparison with an incandescent lamp, has less energy in the red region of the spectrum, therefore the red color appears brighter when an incandescent lamp illuminates a body than when a fluorescent lamp illuminates the same body with the same color temperature. So, the color rendering properties of various lamps directly depend on the nature of the spectrum of their radiation.

The parameter characterizing the degree of correspondence of the natural color of an object to the visible color of this object when it is illuminated by a given light source is called the color rendering index Ra, or the color rendering coefficient, in English the color rendering index, or abbreviated CRI. This value is relative, and Ra of the reference light source ...

The name of this device is made up of three words: “mega”, denoting the dimension of a measurement (thousand thousand or 10⁶), "Ohm" is the unit of electrical resistance, "meter" is the abbreviation of measuring. Immediately it becomes clear the technical purpose of the device: the measurement of electrical resistance in the range of megaohms. Often, connoisseurs of the Russian language correct this word, excluding the letter “a” from it under the pretext that two vowels in a row during pronunciation are dissonant. But this technique distorts the meaning embedded in the device in the same way as the slang of individual electricians - “meger”.

The device is based on the famous Ohm's law for a section of the circuit I = U / R. For its implementation inside the case, any modification has the following built-in: a constant, calibrated voltage source, current meter, output terminals. The design of the voltage generator can vary significantly and can be created on the basis of simple ...

On October 4, 2011, in the Spanish town of Fuentes de Andalucia, in the province of Seville, the opening ceremony of the world's first commercial tower solar power station Gemasolar took place.

The construction of this grandiose project, designed and built by the engineers of the Spanish SENAR group, with the support of Masdar Power (UAE), cost their joint venture Torresol Energy more than 170 million euros. A number of leading European financial institutions, including Banco Popular, Banesto, ICO and the European Investment Bank, also participated in financing the project.

The peculiarity of this power plant is that it is able to generate clean electricity around the clock, both day and night, despite the lack of sunlight at night. This is made possible thanks to the special thermal salt technology ...

We have known the lighting of apartments with the help of chandeliers from childhood. Such lamps are quite easy to connect and work for a long time even with certain installation errors. However, if individual violations of installation technology do not affect operability, they can lead to electrical injury to the owner when in contact with metal parts of the case or when replacing a burnt out foot.

To avoid the typical mistakes made by home craftsmen, read the contents of the article and compare its recommendations with the circuit for switching on your fixtures. Always assemble the wiring so that the phase comes to the remote contact of the cartridge, and zero to the near contact.This technique will save you from electric shock to someone who will replace the light bulb in the chandelier when the voltage is applied to it and accidentally touch the nearest live part ...