On June 7, 1962, Robert Reitmayer, a chemist at the American Standard Oil Company (SOHIO) in Cleveland, Ohio, filed a patent application detailing the mechanism for storing electrical energy in a double-layer capacitor.

If, in a conventional capacitor, aluminum plates, traditionally, were insulated with a dielectric layer, then in the embodiment proposed by the inventor, the emphasis was placed directly on the material of the plates. The electrodes had to have different conductivity: one electrode had to have ionic conductivity, and the other - electronic. Thus, in the process of charging a capacitor, there would be a separation of electrons and positive centers in the electronic conductor, and separation of cations and anions in the ionic conductor. An electronic conductor was offered ...

The function of uninterruptible power supply (UPS, UPS - Uninterruptible power supply) for a computer is to provide for some time a continuous supply of electricity to your computer and peripheral devices in the event that the power supply for some reason has disappeared or the voltage in it has become much less than acceptable .

The problem does not apply to laptops, tablets, smartphones, because they have built-in batteries. But the computer does not have a built-in battery, so additional measures are needed. This is necessary so that you do not lose unsaved information, being in an instant without electricity (the monitor went out sharply and that’s all), so that you had the elementary opportunity to shut down normally and turn off the computer in normal mode without unnecessary stress for you in a few minutes and without risks to the equipment. How to choose an uninterruptible power supply ...

Often there is such an unpleasant situation as the failure of the kettle, and at the most inopportune moment. You can hand over a failed appliance for repair, but it will take time. Also, there may not be free masters and will have to do without a kettle even longer. Or, perhaps, the cause of the failure could be a minor easily fixed malfunction - then it will be a pity for the means thrown out for repair.

In general, why not try to repair it yourself, while saving time and money? In this article, we give recommendations that will help determine the malfunction of an electric kettle and, if possible, eliminate it. Most electric kettles, regardless of their cost, have a similar design. In order to find a malfunction of an electric kettle, it is necessary to understand the principle of its operation. Let us briefly describe the principle of operation according to the above scheme ...

It is hardly possible today to find a person who would never use a cell phone. But does everyone understand how cellular communications work? How does what we all get used to work and work? Are signals transmitted from base stations about wires, or does it all work somehow differently? Or maybe all cellular communication functions only due to radio waves? We will try to answer these and other questions in our article, leaving the description of the GSM standard beyond its scope.

At the moment when a person is trying to make a call from his mobile phone, or when they start calling him, the phone is connected via radio waves to one of the base stations (the most accessible), to one of its antennas. Base stations can be seen here and there, looking at the houses of our cities, at the roofs and facades of industrial buildings, at high-rise buildings, and finally at the red and white mast specially built for the stations ...

Where only electric motors are not used today. Home appliances and cottage equipment, machine tools, power tools, electric vehicles and high-precision devices - everywhere you can find a small or large electric motor in one or another node of a device.Some of the readers may need to disassemble the engine for repair or maintenance, it is likely that this will need to be done at home. So let's see how the disassembly is done correctly.

In everyday life, you can find electric motors of two main types: asynchronous and collector. Induction motors are more often used in ventilation equipment, in machines, in pumps. Etc. Collector can be found in drills, in grinders and in other power tools. Collector ones are usually high-speed, while asynchronous ones have approximately a fixed synchronous frequency ...

Touch voltage is the voltage that occurs on the body of a person or animal at the time of its simultaneous contact with a pair of points of a live conductor or with a pair of conductive parts of electrical equipment, for example, a wire in damaged insulation.

In general, the concept of “touch voltage” refers to two conductive parts that are open for contact, or to an open conductive part and a place on the surface of the earth or floor on which a person or animal stands. If even a person or animal is not currently at the indicated place, one can at least judge the expected touch voltage, that is, its estimated value. If the insulation of electrical equipment, or the insulation of supply wires, lines, is at least partially damaged, then it is likely that on the cases of such equipment and on structures with which this equipment ...

Sometimes in practice we have to deal with the need for different ways of connecting incandescent lamps. Often this problem arises in everyday life, and this applies not only to lamps in the chandelier. Someone may want to improve the lighting in the kitchen, but someone will come up with a bright idea to extend the life of the lamp, replacing it with two connected in series.

Let's look at how these compounds are made, what is important to pay attention to, and what principles should be followed when performing various connections. In the figures below, simple and understandable diagrams will be given. When the lamps are connected in parallel, a full mains voltage is applied to each of them, that is, phase and zero are applied directly to each of the lamps of the parallel circuit. And if one of the lamps burns out, the rest will shine, because their chains will remain completely intact. Parallel connection of lamps is used everywhere in everyday life ...

Every day we use sockets to connect electrical appliances to a 220-volt network, while we don’t think about the outlet itself. Meanwhile, sockets are different. And in the framework of this article, we will consider how the outlet is arranged, and talk about what kind of outlets generally exist.

In everyday life today, sockets of the European standard are installed everywhere, having a tight fit of the plug, often a recessed seat. The plug holes are, of course, round, the difference between the Euro-standard socket and the old Soviet ones - the socket accepts plugs with thicker pins. Any modern outlet consists of: a base with fasteners, current-carrying parts and a face plate. The base of the outlet with mounting tabs or ears has current-carrying parts on it, and the front plate (panel) is also attached to it. Base material - plastic or ceramic. Ceramic substrates are better tolerated ...