Modern man is used to the fact that electricity constantly serves to satisfy his needs and does a great, useful job. Quite often, the assembly of electrical circuits, the connection of electrical appliances, the electrical installation inside a private house is performed not only by trained electricians, but also by home craftsmen or hired migrant workers.

However, everyone knows that electricity is dangerous, can injure and therefore requires the quality of all technological operations to ensure reliable passage of currents in the working circuit and ensure their high isolation from the environment. The question immediately arises: how to check this reliability after the work seems to be done, and the inner voice is tormented by doubts about its quality? The answer to it allows you to give a method of electrical measurements and analysis, based on the creation of increased loadcalled phase-zero loop resistance measurement...

Since the 19th century, people have been using electricity, paying money for it. During this time, many methods of calculation between electricity supplying organizations and consumers have been tested, but, time has shown that the best option is to automatically record the work performed by the devices with their subsequent payment on the fact. To this end, manufacturers of electrical equipment produce electric meters that take into account the energy consumed by the consumer in various ways.

Nowadays, two of their types are widespread: induction devices of old models, operating on the basis of an electromechanical design, static products using electronic components and microprocessor technology. Both types of these devices work according to one general principle: they constantly consider the power passing through them and display this information on a counting mechanism or display...

Among the entire variety of Arduino boards, it is difficult for a beginner to choose the right one. In addition to official boards, such as Arduino UNO, Nano, MEGA, there are also Arduino-compatible boards, such as Digispark, Electronic Troops, Seeeduino, Freeduino, Robocraft and others. What is their difference and which Arduino board to choose? Let's figure it out!

Perhaps this characteristic is on a par with such as: memory size, clock frequency and type of microcontroller used. Arduino clone boards can be divided similar to Arduino UNO, MEGA, and other baseboards. The most common is UNO; in fact, most clones are associated with it. Compatibility with shields is provided by arrangement of terminal blocks and PCB layout. The size of the original UNO board is 6.9x5.3 cm, the dimensions of third-party boards may vary, but the location of the terminal blocks and the distance between the connectors ...

Switching is turning the appliance on or off in the network. To do this, use disconnectors, switches, circuit breakers, relays, contactors, starters. The last three (relays, contactors and magnetic starters) are similar in structure, but are designed for different load capacities. These are electromechanical switching devices.

To turn on the load, you need to apply voltage to its conclusions, it can be constant and variable, with a different number of phases and poles. The voltage can be applied in several ways: a detachable connection, a disconnector, through a relay, a contactor, a starter or a semiconductor switching device. The first two methods are limited both by the maximum switching power and by the location of the connection point.This is convenient if you turn on the light or the device with a switch or an automatic machine ...

A rectifier is used in an AC circuit to convert it to DC. The most common is a rectifier assembled from semiconductor diodes. At the same time, it can be assembled from discrete (separate) diodes, or it can be in one housing (diode assembly).

Let's look at what a rectifier is, what they are, and at the end of the article we will conduct simulation in a Multisim environment. Modeling helps to consolidate the theory in practice, without assembly and real components, view the forms of voltages and currents in the circuit. For single-phase voltage, there are three common rectification schemes.The simplest circuit consists of only one diode, which gives a constant unstabilized ripple voltage at the output. Diodes are connected to the power circuit by a phase wire, or by one of the terminals of the transformer winding, the second end to the load, the second pole of the load ...

Shield is a supplement board. I propose to divide the shields into full-size and separate modules. Full-sized with their outlines, they repeat the shape of the Arduino board, whether it be UNO, Nano or MEGA. Separate modules are free-form cards designed to perform a specific set of functions. Both that and others can be both universal, and for performance of narrowly targeted tasks.

In stores you can find a great many shields, and with a certain qualification you yourself can breed a printed circuit board that repeats the arduine in the shape and location of the terminals and assemble your own unique one. The picture shows the Arduino UNO board with a set of shields. Let's start with the shield, which does not carry any special functions, but was created for the convenience of installing your projects. So, the first in our review will facilitate the installation of projects with the Arduino Nano board, though the sense of the small size of "NANO" in this case is zero ...

Drilling walls and ceilings is a common thing for an electrician, installer, repairman. Yes, and a simple layman may occasionally need to drill a hole in the wall or in the ceiling. And if there is a drill or a puncher at home, then you can do everything yourself, only by answering the question of how to avoid getting into hidden wiring.

If you get into the wiring with a drill or a drill, then in the most optimistic case you will break the cable and your sockets will stop working. With less success - there will be a short circuit through the tool, the circuit breaker will open at the entrance to the apartment, but the wiring will again have to be repaired. In the worst case, an electric shock or even a fire awaits a person. Therefore, when drilling, it is better not to get into the wiring. About how not to get into the wiring and will be discussed in our article. Suppose you decide to install a Swedish wall for a child, and fixing to the wall is necessary ...

The Sonoff World On relay, from the family of devices for wirelessly controlling the inclusion and disconnection of household loads via Wi-Fi from the network, will become a rather useful and convenient element of your home automation system. If you use a smartphone, you have Wi-Fi at home, and you also want to control the power of various network loads directly from your smartphone, even if you are away from home, then these Wi-Fi relays are just for you.

Just install the Sonoff relay near the outlet or switch (or even instead of the outlet or instead of the switch), and connect your household appliance in series through it with a 220 volt network. Then create a connection via the Internet, configure communication with the relay via Wi-Fi, and control your household electrical appliances directly through the application from your smartphone. Let's take a closer look at the five Sonoff World On relay models. Relaydesigned to control the power of any electrical appliance ...