Modern household electrical panels are significantly different from those that were in the last century. Particular changes were made in the assembly of the circuit and the breakdown of consumers into groups, as well as the introduction of protective devices such as RCDs or difavtomatov. The materials used have also changed. But first things first, in this article we will talk about the features of the assembly of modern electrical panels.

Typically, a counter was installed in the apartments, plugs with fuses or automatic plugs and everything, then there was wiring in the rooms. In the best case, a counter was installed with two pairs of traffic jams, then the load could be distributed among the rooms and the ability to disconnect each of them separately. Now in apartments there are more powerful consumers of the electric power and, at least, separate automatic switches. As a result, the approximate wiring diagram of a modern apartment will turn out this ...

The modern market is filled with a variety of LED lighting products. On sale there are both lamps under the familiar e27 threaded socket and lamps of other types. A separate class of products can be called LED lamps, in which it is impossible to replace the lamp, they do not have a cartridge, and the LEDs are simply soldered on the boards or strips. This begs the question: how to choose a good LED lamp?

Light requirements may be determined by the design decision, but this is not such a weighty argument as SNiP 23-05-95 and other regulatory documents. There are two main requirements for lighting the room: illumination and ripple factor. Both requirements depend on what the room is intended for, what and how long they will do something in it. This also implies the so-called class of visual work - it depends on the dimensions of the parts ...

In the workshop of an electronic engineer and electrician, if not necessary, then at least the presence of an oscilloscope is highly desirable. It is used along with simple measuring instruments: an ammeter, voltmeter, ohmmeter, and finally a multimeter. In this article, you will learn about the oscilloscope - what it is and why it is needed.

Everyone who works with electricity knows that voltage is measured with a voltmeter, and current with an ammeter. But these devices show only the current value that is at the time of measurement. Even when measuring variables by value and sign of values, you get some value averaged over certain algorithms or laws. But with the help of a voltmeter, you can monitor how the value is measured, however, with errors. For dial gauges, they are due to design features, and for digital ones as well, but the sampling frequency and other problems are also added ...

RCD - a residual current device or differential current switch is installed to protect a person from electric shock. However, not everyone knows that there are two types of RCDs: electronic and electromechanical. In this article we will talk about what are the differences between RCDs of different types and how to determine the type when buying.

In general terms, the principle of operation of the RCD is as follows: when the current through the phase wire differs from the current through the neutral wire, a relay is activated that disconnects the load. The current is detected using a differential transformer and a polarized relay. A situation where currents of different sizes flow through a phase and neutral wire can occur if a device has a leak on the case.A leak to the housing occurs if the insulation of one of the conductors of the electrical appliance is damaged and touches the housing ...

The socket is familiar to everyone and simple, the power cords from electrical appliances are plugged into it. But sometimes it is necessary to increase the number of its functions, organize the automatic switching on and off of devices, their protection, etc. To do this, you do not need to connect the outlet to the electrical panel with certain relays and timers, but you can just insert some functional element into it. In this article, we will consider additional devices that will help expand the functionality of outlets without altering the wiring.

There are a number of additional devices in stores, such as timers or relays for protection against power surges that are inserted into an outlet, and another device is located on their case, into which the device itself is inserted. This is a kind of intermediate functional links. Let's look at some options. A timer is needed to turn devices on and off at the set time. There are mechanical and electronic timers ...

When repairing an apartment, lighting issues are usually considered without special responsibility, and they install lamps as you like, estimating the brightness of the light "by eye". However, lighting is an important part of any construction, both from a design and from an engineering point of view. Moreover, there are government documents that regulate these issues, such as SNIP 23-05-95 "Natural and artificial lighting."

This article will talk about how to calculate LED lighting for the home. Although the calculations for industrial and other types of premises, as well as using other types of light sources, are generally similar. The purpose of calculations and lighting design is to achieve normalized lighting for a particular room. Each room has its own lighting standard. It can be calculated based on the class of visual work ...

Multi-color LEDs, or as they are also called RGB, are used to indicate and create a dynamically changing backlight color. In fact, there is nothing special about them, let's look at how they work and what RGB LEDs are.

In fact, an RGB LED is three single-color crystals combined in one housing. The name RGB stands for Red - red, Green - green, Blue - blue according to the colors that each crystal emits. These three colors are basic, and any color is formed on their mixing; this technology has long been used in television and photography.Color adjustment is carried out by adjusting the brightness of the radiation of each of the crystals.To change the color of the RGB tape, special RGB controllers are used.Usually a remote control comes with the controller ...

For the functioning of the wiring, you need to ensure the correct wiring diagram for it, but the assembly of the circuit does not do without connecting the wires. There are many connection methods, from twisting to welding, but perhaps the most convenient and serviceable is connecting wires with terminal blocks. In this article we will talk about what they are.

The main difference in the terminal blocks is the connection method, there are two main types. Terminals with spring or lever clamp (contact). These terminal blocks can be attributed to all the famous Wago. The veins of the conductors in them are clamped using a spring or lever mechanism, and the contact, due to its elasticity, fits snugly against the clamped vein.They are very convenient to use for connecting chandeliers, sconces and other fixtures, as well as for installing electrical wiring in distribution boxes.The main difference in the terminal blocks is the connection method ...