The range of recessed spotlights today can satisfy, perhaps, any, even the most demanding customer. Not the last role when choosing fixtures is played by bulbs installed in fixtures.

Just a couple of years ago, there were only two types of bulbs — halogen and incandescent — for recessed spotlights. We will not dwell on the description of the variety of halogen lamps. The purpose of the article is slightly different - to show the advantages and disadvantages of various types of lamps.

The principle of operation in both lamps is approximately the same. The only difference is the gas that the bulbs of bulbs are filled with ...

Logic probe scheme for troubleshooting digital circuits, a description of its capabilities and methods of working with a probe.

It is well known that an oscilloscope is needed to repair and establish electronic digital circuits. Of course, now those days are gone when it was necessary to repair large computers in factories. But there appeared devices for various purposes on microcontrollers, specialized microcircuits, a large number of devices using digital microcircuits with a small degree of integration (not all enterprises and organizations managed to acquire modern imported equipment).

It is impossible to see the processes occurring in pulsed circuits with a conventional avometer and draw conclusions about the operation of the circuit as a whole. But the oscilloscope is not always at hand. In this case, the described logical probe can be of invaluable help ...

Everyone who lives in a private house or apartment, sooner or later make repairs. This is especially true of the old housing stock. And every normal person begins to plan repair work - what needs to be done in the first place, and what can wait.

A so-called construction schedule is drawn up. You begin to ring up your acquaintances in search of normal craftsmen, repair is not done every day.

In order for everything to work properly in the house, apartment, in the process of electrical installation, it is necessary to comply with the wiring requirements in the house, apartment. Depending on the type of room, on the material through which the wires are conducted, the requirements for wiring are different ...

The article describes how, using optocoupler interchanges, to input discrete information with a level of 220 V into the controller, a practical scheme is available for production in any electric laboratory.

In technological processes, it is often necessary to control the position of moving parts of machinery mechanisms. For these purposes, limit switches of various designs and operating principles have been developed and successfully applied.

Often, mechanisms with contact switches are included in automated systems running under control of controllers. In this case, information about the position of the mechanism should be transmitted to the controller that controls the operation of this mechanism.

One of these mechanisms is the most common water valve. Using her example, we will consider how to transfer information about her position to the controller. This is most simply and reliably done using optocoupler isolation. This will be discussed in this article ...

The article gives recommendations on the choice of spotlights. What you should pay attention to when buying fixtures.

Almost every one of us knows what point, recessed lamps are ... They appeared on our market relatively recently, 15-17 years ago, and immediately gained popularity. The popularity of this type of luminaire is determined by many factors: it is ease of installation, a variety of forms, aesthetics and practicality.

These lamps have been used almost everywhere where light is required. Recessed spotlights can be used as the main light, and additional, decorative. Many designers are using these fixtures in their design projects. With the help of spotlights, you can easily emphasize a particular interior detail ...

A detailed story about the popular "laser-ironing" technology for the manufacture of printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.

Printed circuit boards in radio engineering have been used for a very long time. At home or in factory electrical laboratories involved in the repair of electrical equipment, such boards had to be painted manually with various varnishes. Tools for drawing were used in a wide variety of ways, from simply sharpened matches to needles from a syringe and glass drawing pens.

Now computer technology has penetrated into all spheres of human activity, including amateur radio. Printed circuit boards by hand are now no longer necessary, unless very simple, which can even be cut with a knife. But first things first ...

What is an electrical outlet, no one needs to explain. This is a fairly simple electrical device that allows you to connect various devices to the mains.

How to choose an electrical outlet so that it lasts faithfully for many years?

By design, almost all sockets are the same. As a rule, they consist of a body, a block, to which springy contacts and terminals are attached, to which, in fact, current-carrying wires are screwed.

Sockets are for industrial use, for connecting powerful, energy-intensive consumers. Such outlets, depending on the load, can be rated for current up to several hundred amperes. In this article we will consider sockets designed for use in everyday life ...

A story about what a safety transformer is, why it is needed and how it can be manufactured independently.

Many electrical, and more often electronic designs have transformerless power supplies. The power of such power supplies is usually small, but quite sufficient for powering devices such as thyristor power controllers, twilight switches, devices for slowing down incandescent lamps, timers, and many others.

Once assembled, such devices are placed in an insulating plastic case, which excludes human contact with live parts.

An isolation transformer, or as it is sometimes called a safety transformer, will be invaluable in setting up such devices. Such a transformer will not be out of place during the repair of such industrial manufacturing schemes ...