After decades of research and long-term use to activate our cell phones, laptops and various power tools, lithium-ion batteries (Li-Ion) have become used in electric car technology, becoming a major milestone on the road to replacing petroleum fuels in vehicles.

According to scientists and experts, lithium-ion batteries took first place in the establishment of the prize for the title "Innovative Technology of 2010".

In recent years, electric hybrid cars have begun to gradually displace gasoline models from the international market, they have gained their advantageous position due to the safety of technologies that involve minimal emission of harmful exhaust gases into the atmosphere ...

Before choosing a circuit breaker, let's try to figure out what it is and what it is for. So, the circuit breaker is intended, first of all, to protect the supply lines, that is, wires, from overload, short circuit.

Most often, to protect the home electrical network, we use machines of the VA series. VA series machines have two types of protection: thermal and electromagnetic. Almost all modern automatic devices are arranged almost the same way: an arcing chamber, a magnetic release and a bimetallic plate, a contact group, a linkage ...

Introductory article about logic chips. Describes number systems and the representation of a binary number using electrical signals.

The modern digital integrated circuit is a miniature electronic unit, the housing of which contains active and passive elements connected in a certain pattern. These are transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors.

The number of elements in modern microcircuits can reach several hundred thousand and even millions of elements. It is enough to recall microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory chips.

To simply list all modern microcircuits, you will need not one article, but a whole rather thick book. In this article, we will consider microcircuits of small and medium degree of integration, mostly simple logic elements ...

RCD - residual current device. Many probably heard, but someone probably knows what this device is, what it is for and how it works. Without really going into the jungle of physics, we will briefly try to understand the device, the principles of operation of this RCD itself in a simple human language.

So, as the name implies, this device is designed to protect against electric shock. The principle of operation of the device is based on a comparison of currents along the conductors at the input and output of the device. The currents must be equal. If there is a slight difference, the device “sees” it and immediately disconnects the load from the network. The response time, by standards, should be no more than 15-25 ms.

Now, in fact, we begin to review the reasons due to which, in practice, the operation of RCDs takes place ...

Some simple tricks that will greatly facilitate your work and keep your nerves when working with a hammer and nails.

It seems to be a simple job - driving nails. But for some people, this procedure is quite a difficult task. And, when it is necessary to urgently hammer a nail, according to the law of world swine, no one who knows how to do this is nearby. And so here are some tips for beginners to nail

1) Hold the hammer by the end of the handle.When striking, look at the nail head. Then the nail will not bend and go aside, and you will not hit the fingers.

2) It is necessary to hold a long nail with pliers in the middle, so that when hammering it does not bend ...

To power the luminaires, it is best to use a cable specially designed for this. An ideal option would be to use an armored cable, such as a VBBSHV or AVBBSHV cable (aluminum conductors).

Such a cable, thanks to protective armor, is protected from accidental mechanical damage. The insulation of the cable from polyvinyl chloride plastic compound (PVC) will protect the cable from the aggressive effects of soil.

In addition to the armored cable, cable laying without armor is possible. But in this case, it is recommended to lay the cable in asbestos-cement or polyethylene pipes.

Many electricians use an ordinary corrugated pipe or metal hose to protect against mechanical damage. This, let's say, is not entirely correct ...

An adapter for connecting a PC computer and controllers with a current loop interface. It does not require scarce parts, it is available for manufacture even at home.

In 1969, the American Electronic Industries Association developed the RS-232C communications interface. Its initial purpose is to provide communication between computers that are remote over a long distance.

An analogue of this interface in Russia is called “Joint S2”. Communication between computers is carried out using modems, but at the same time, devices such as a “mouse,” which was also called “komovskaya,” as well as scanners and printers, were connected to the computers via the RS-232C interface. Of course, all of them should have been able to connect via the RS-232C interface ...

Recessed spotlights today have become the same mundane normal thing in the interior of a house, apartment, office as an ordinary chandelier or fluorescent lamp.

Many probably paid attention to the fact that sometimes light bulbs, if there are several, in these same spotlights shine differently. Some lamps shine quite brightly, while others burn, at best, at half light. In this article we will try to deal with the essence of the problem.

So, for starters, a little theory. Halogen bulbs installed in recessed downlights are designed for operating voltage of 220 V and 12 V. In order to connect bulbs designed for voltage of 12 V, a special transformer device is required ...