Have you ever thought about what path electric energy takes before you find yourself, for example, in a power outlet, into which your computer is now plugged in? Synchronous generators, transformers, power lines, distribution and step-down substations, cable or overhead lines of 0.4 kV ... In short, the path is not easy and not close.

But here the coveted 220 or 380 volts through the input cable came to your apartment or private house. It would seem that all ordeals are over. But it was not there. It turns out that in an apartment, electricity also needs to be divided, distributed across various networks. And this completely responsible task is often necessary for the owners of residential premises to solve independently or with the help of hired specialists. It was only at the dawn of the use of household electricity that it was customary to bring two wires into the house, and then twist them in one input box ...

Suddenly I discovered that recently, good table lamps are starting to disappear from stores. Everywhere now basically only fixtures with CFL 9/11 W are now. I think that the light from such bulbs is too little to work with various small details and just comfortable reading, not to mention the letter.

In my opinion, the lamp with a diffuse reflector of sufficient size for an incandescent lamp with a power of 75-100 W is best cope with the functions of a table lamp (60 W is not enough, but if you lower the lamp low, then you can also use 60 W), and for particularly accurate work (for example embroidery) this may not be enough - you have to temporarily screw in 150 watts. Lamps are best used matte or, even better, dairy. Mirror reflectors give too sharp shadows. The lamp should be on a tripod, allowing you to freely adjust it in all planes. But there are fewer such lamps on sale! ...

"Retro" and "vintage". These two words alone can cause a sinking heart in a certain category of people endowed with an increased sense of beauty. These people are consistent in everything, so the retro wiring in their eyes represents good taste and originality.

And if the house is built, for example, from logs, and the interior is deliberately missing, then retro wiring on casters will certainly look the most aesthetically pleasing. Indeed, in such a situation, the plastic cable channel will not fit snugly against the wall because of the grooves between the logs, and cable installation using brackets on combustible structures is prohibited. About the dull gray and everyday corrugated pipe and completely silent.

It turns out that the choice of retro wiring for installation in a wooden house is quite justified. So what is retro wiring? ...

As an example of calculating the illumination, we consider the use of luminaires built into a suspended ceiling. This case, on the one hand, is quite relevant, on the other hand, it is practically not described in classical manuals on lighting engineering and, finally, quite complete data on the characteristics of halogen lamps with a reflector are given in the catalogs of light sources.

The OSRAM catalogs provide not only parameters such as axial luminous intensity and a flat angle corresponding to the solid angle, within which the luminous intensity drops by half, but also a curve of the angular distribution of luminous intensity, as well as a visual image of the change in illumination as the distance from the lamp changes. Consider first the task of lighting a bathroom measuring 1.7 x 1.7 m2.We ask ourselves: what is the minimum number of halogen lamps that must be used to meet the requirements ...

An isolation transformer is a transformer that is designed for electrical (experts say - galvanic) separation of the power supply network and the consumer of electricity. Consumers are us and why divide us? For safety!

The main task of the isolation transformer is to increase electrical safety due to the fact that its secondary circuits do not have electrical connection with the ground, and therefore with the grounded neutral of the transformer substation - a voltage source.

In this case, the occurrence of an electrical breakdown on the case does not cause overcurrents, and the device itself remains in working condition. If a person accidentally touches a part of a device that is accidentally energized, the leakage current will not exceed a life-threatening threshold and tragedy will not happen ...

In general, the question posed in the title is somewhat provocative. Even in technology, there is practically nothing clearly “right”. But then there are frankly erroneous technical solutions. To avoid them, we will try to consider in detail the air input device with the help of a modern and gaining popularity SIP.

Why SIP? So, SIP is a self-supporting insulated wire. He replaced the usual uninsulated stranded aluminum wire, which to this day can be observed as part of the overhead line of the private sector in many regions of our country. Uninsulated wire was used earlier simply because of the lack of reliable insulating materials that can serve in harsh outdoor conditions ...

Many owners of houses with a staircase are interested in the issue of organizing staircase lighting, because this is a passage zone with a large difference in elevation and the issue of safety of movement along it is in the first place.

The safety of the stairs is mainly affected by the correct design and calculation during the construction of the stairs, but lighting also plays a very important role. In the dark on the stairs it is so easy to stumble or stumble. But often the choice arises whether to go in the dark or the staircase will be lit constantly, since it will not work to turn off the light after passing through the stairs - the switch is located either above or below. Why pay for irrational staircase lighting?

The economical owner will always find a way out, including in the automatic lighting of the stairs. The simplest solution is to install a pair of straight-through switches that will control the power supply ...

Sometimes it happens, you go into the room, turn on the light, and the light does not shine. Replacing the lamp does not help. If in other rooms all the lights shine normally, then most likely the switch has broken. If it is not possible to call an electrician or sufficient funds to pay for his services, you can replace the light switch yourself.

To replace the switch, you will need: a screwdriver, a phase indicator (indicator screwdriver), a new switch, pliers, a knife and an insulating tape.

First of all, it is necessary to turn off the electricity in the room in which the switch will be replaced. To do this, in the storey electrical switchboard on the landing, you must turn off the circuit breaker (automatic) that powers this room or the whole apartment ...