Why the existence of an eternal light bulb is not possible
In the city of Livermore (California, USA) there is a unique light bulb, which was screwed in in 1901 and has since been on without interruption. This is an absolute record that entered the Guinness Book of Records. A webcam is installed in front of the unique light bulb at Fire Station No. 6, so the light bulb can be seen on the Internet. How was this possible?
It is known that the main face of light bulb burnout is the gradual wear of a tungsten filament. This filament is heated almost to the melting point of tungsten (3300 ° C), otherwise you will not get an intense light flux. At this temperature, the tungsten atoms in the crystal lattice vibrate intensively and some of them come off and go into space, settling on the walls of the flask. Gradually, the thread becomes thinner, and in the thinnest place the temperature goes beyond the melting point, the thread burns out.
Obviously, to increase the life of the bulb, it is necessary to install a thicker thread. But at the same time, to maintain the resistance of the thread, it is necessary to increase its length. A twofold increase in the diameter of the filament leads to an increase in the mass of tungsten by 8 times. And tungsten is an expensive metal, so current light bulb manufacturers are trying to save it.
But there is another reason for lamp wear, which almost no one knows about. The thing is...
At the end of the last century, physicist Nikola Tesla, a Serb, was one of the first Nobel Prize winners, whom he refused to receive. In 1885, he demonstrated the operation of his transformer, and from a turbine of the Niagara Hydroelectric Power Station (power 5,000 hp) and lit carbon-free incandescent lamps without wires and switches within a radius of 25 miles. After that, one of his energy projects received support and was funded by Morgan. N. Tesla at a special training ground created his own power plants operating on the principle of "free energy" (today we would say - based on vacuum energy). When Morgan met their work in 1898, he ordered all the installations and the landfill to be destroyed, for he realized that if they were given the way, mankind would never need organic fuel again. Since then, the world has been “seeking energy” ...
This experiment on ignition of coal electric lamps at a distance without lead wires was only able to be repeated by the Russian scientist Filippov, who, from the installation he created from St. Petersburg, lit electric lamps in Tsarskoye Selo. He was a unique universal scientist: he was a doctor of mathematics, physics, chemistry, and philosophy. In the winter of 1914, he sent a decision to the General Staff of Russia that made it possible to exclude war from the practice of mankind - seven days later it was published in the yellow press, and another three days later he was found murdered in his home office, and the gendarmes could not determine the method of murder. ..
Explain to me, is it possible to reduce energy consumption by one hour, save electricity? In any significant amounts.
As I understand it, from the fact that half a city will plunge into darkness for an hour, nuclear power plants will not burn less fuel. Well, ok, 70% of the electricity in the US is generated by thermal power plants. Are thermal power plants able to “respond” to load reduction? I am not so sure. Even if they know how to do it, what is the latency of this operation? And, the strangest thing is how quickly they can “win back” the slide.
There is another very funny moment. If citizens turn out to be quite conscious and “cut off” electricity at exactly 20:00 or even in a small interval around 20:00, then the sharply increased load on the network, which is fed by power plants with “muffled” boilers, can cause funny consequences.
If residents, for example, of the same Dubai turned off the lights every day at exactly 19:00, and turned them back on at 20:00, then the power plants (theoretically) could adapt to consumers ...
One-wire power transmission - fiction or reality?
In 1892 in London, and a year later in Philadelphia, a well-known inventor, a Serb by nationality, Nikola Tesla demonstrated the transmission of electricity through a single wire.
How he did this remains a mystery. Some of his records have not yet been decrypted, another part has burned down.
The sensationalism of Tesla's experiments is obvious to any electrician: after all, for the current to go through the wires, they must be a closed loop. And then suddenly - one ungrounded wire!
But, I think, modern electricians will have to be even more surprised when they find out that a person works in our country who also found a way to transfer electricity through one open wire ...
All truth and fiction about ball lightning
Before us is one of the many meetings with a curious natural phenomenon - ball lightning.This phenomenon has not been recognized in science for a long time. They said about ball lightning that it was an optical illusion and nothing more. The French physicist Mascard called her "the fruit of excited fantasy." And in one of the German physics textbooks at the end of the last century, it was argued that ball lightning could not exist, since it was a "phenomenon that does not meet the laws of nature."
Scientists, as we see, can also be mistaken when confronted with the mysteries of nature. Moreover, they are often mistaken not because they have a "bad character" that does not allow them to be condescending to new scientific ideas or to agree with facts that contradict their ideas. The reasons here are much deeper, including, in particular, the desire to preserve in integrity and completeness the system of views prevailing in natural science on the structure of the world. However, cognition is a process that cannot be stopped while humanity exists. The basis of this process is the principle: I do not know today - I will know tomorrow. A principle that is directly opposite to the religious one: I don’t know and it’s not supposed to know, because everything that is incomprehensible, wonderful is from God, confirmation of his being, and it’s impossible to know. Ball lightning can perhaps be considered a classic example of how, under the pressure of facts, the attitude of scientists changed towards them. Gradually, a lot of material was collected, indicating that ball lightning is also a reality ...
A subjective look at an affordable modern electric car
This article is created due to the fact that there are many completely unjustified views on the current state of the problem of electric transport. Unjustified hopes lead to disappointment and rejection of the very idea of clean transport. These sentiments are in full support of opponents of electric vehicles, which are not so much numerous as influential (the world is sitting on the "oil and gas needle" and this dependence has long been a narcotic ...).
First you need to decide on the modern realities and objectives of the introduction of electric vehicles. Already driving an electric car is not only environmentally friendly, but also financially beneficial. The main argument against the electric car is a small range on one charge of the battery. This shortcoming is more than compensated by the fact that the majority of intra-city trips are made in the “to work-home” cycle and, on average, transfers are carried out at 25-30 km per day, with an average of 1.3 people being transported. Therefore, we will determine that a modern electric car is a means for urban communication in medium and small cities.
When using lead-acid traction batteries, as the most affordable at the moment, the battery weight to reach a maximum range of 60 km is ...