The article discusses the most common causes of problems in the wiring, and talks about how to deal with them yourself.

Why suddenly the lights go out in the apartment and the appliances stop working? There may be several reasons for this. Contact is broken at the junction, mechanical damage to the wires while drilling the walls to install any fasteners, short circuit or wire break in the wall.

The machine on the landing is the first device that protects the common network from the wiring in the apartment. If the machine’s flag is in the “on” position, and there is no voltage at its output contacts (checked by a tester or indicator), then the reasons may be as follows: short circuit, damaged machine, current leakage through RCD, problem with wiring ...

Once, thanks to AutoCAD, designers switched from working on computers to computers. However, modern projects are so complex, and their production deadlines are so tight that AutoCAD no longer meets all modern design requirements.

Currently, various computer-aided design systems are actively replacing the "electronic culman", offering to accelerate the implementation of the project, automate routine work, monitor the design process and warn about errors.

AutoCAD Electrical is a well-known AutoCAD for creating projects in the field of electrical engineering, automation, process control systems, instrumentation and automation systems and other areas. The program contains a full set of AutoCAD functions, to which specialized tools are added that automate the processes of creating diagrams, layout drawings, report generation, etc.

The article considers the main criteria for choosing a cable section, gives examples of calculations.

In the markets, you can often see hand-written signs indicating which cable the customer needs to purchase depending on the expected load current. Do not believe these signs, as they mislead you. The cable cross-section is selected not only by operating current, but also by several parameters.

First of all, it must be borne in mind that when using a cable at the limit of its capabilities, the cable cores heat up several tens of degrees. The current values ​​shown in the figure assume heating of the cable cores to 65 degrees at an ambient temperature of 25 degrees. If several cables are laid in one pipe or tray, then due to their mutual heating (each cable heats all other cables), the maximum allowable current is reduced by 10 - 30 percent. Also, the maximum possible current is reduced ...

The article describes the installation sequence of the drywall partition, significantly reducing the cases of violation of the insulation of the cables laid in it.

In recent years, the popularity of drywall partitions is growing. This is understandable: quickly, efficiently, conveniently. But how to protect electric cables laid in such a partition, if each square meter of the partition contains up to hundreds of pointed screws (self-tapping screws) that can easily pierce any cable? Laying a cable along a specific route, for example, strictly 20 centimeters from the floor, helps to avoid misunderstandings, but more often this is not enough.

How to lay cables so that not a single screw breaks the insulation when screwing drywall sheets? A standard drywall partition consists of a frame assembled from galvanized steel profiles ...

We deal with the types and capabilities of electric meters and choose which one can and should be bought.

Increasingly, energy companies by hook or by crook make their customers change old electric meters.

Formally, this is due to the fact that the old electricity meters had an accuracy class of 2.5 and could not take into account the energy consumption of small capacities. For example, this is the power consumption of electronic equipment in standby mode. New electric meters have an accuracy class of at least 2 (2; 1; 0.5).

According to the principle of operation, the meters are divided into induction and electronic. In induction there are two coils: a current coil and a voltage coil. The magnetic field of these coils makes the disk rotate and the counter readings increase. The problem with this type of counters is ...

Warm floors are becoming extremely popular, despite its relatively high cost. The heat coming from the floor surface not only warms the air in the room, but also gives a feeling of comfort, allows you to walk around the house without shoes and, without any exaggeration, creates an atmosphere of home comfort. This is especially true for rooms with cold tiled flooring - bathrooms, kitchens, corridors. But even laminate or linoleum more often hide a film infrared warm floor underneath.

Installation of warm floors is not technically particularly difficult, but malfunctions of such a floor can bring a real headache. The floor is mounted, it is possible that it is even poured with a concrete screed, and suddenly it turns out that it does not work. What to do? Let's try to understand this situation. First you need to decide on the device of the warm floor. It generally consists of the following elements ...

In accordance with current technical standards, the wiring in the apartment must be three-wire, and the outlet networks must be equipped with differential protection. There is no need to once again tell that all this is achievable is far from always. Therefore, RCDs and differential circuit breakers in apartment switchboards can still be seen infrequently - mainly for connecting a washing machine, which is usually located in the bathroom.

The fact is that according to the rules of the PUE, protection against leakage currents for power consumers in the bathroom is mandatory. And, installing a washing machine in the bathroom, experts often put in a shield a separate differential protection device for its connection. However, it is not uncommon for a situation where the RCD or the difavtomat, to which the washing machine is connected, starts to constantly work and, what is called "spoil the nerves" ...

This is not uncommon. With great difficulty, we hang a carpet on the wall, but we are not happy with the result for long: for some reason, the lamp in the room stops burning. Or we drill a hole in the wall to hang a shelf, but sparks fly out from under the drill, a crack sounds, and the apartment plunges into an ominous darkness and silence.

The cause of unhappiness is usually simple to disgrace - we were out of luck, and we damaged the cable hidden electrical wiring. In the case of the carpet, most likely, a phase or zero core was interrupted. And when they prepared the holes for the shelf, they damaged the insulation of both cores and made a short circuit (the drill can, of course, be thrown away right away).

To resolve the situation, the damage to the line must, of course, be found. In the case of the shelf, this will not be any difficulty - where they fought at the time of the short circuit, there is a damaged area ...