The article provides practical recommendations for troubleshooting and wiring. The article is recommendatory (like, what, where) and fact-finding.

In this article, we will consider the most common wiring malfunctions in typical apartments.

After a hard working day, when you come home, you find that your apartment does not have light or sockets do not work. Do not panic.

If you live in an apartment where the wiring has not yet changed, then first you should check the circuit breakers (automatic machines) or fuses in the switchboard.

Most homes have standard wiring. If the house is more than 15-20 years old, the wiring is made of aluminum wire. Over time, aluminum corrodes and degrades ...

An article about various ways to connect the load to the control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.

All modern equipment, both industrial and domestic, is powered by electricity. At the same time, its entire electrical circuit can be divided into two large parts: control devices (controllers from the English word CONTROL - to control) and actuators.

About twenty years ago, control units were implemented on microcircuits of small and medium degree of integration. These were the series of chips K155, K561, K133, K176 and the like. They are called logical digital circuits, as they perform logical operations on the signals, and the signals themselves are digital (discrete).

The operation algorithm of such control units was carried out due to the corresponding connection of microcircuits, and their number was quite large. Currently, all control units are developed on the basis of different types of microcontrollers ...

Unusual use of the adjustable zener diode TL431. Simple temperature controller. Description and scheme

Anyone who has ever been involved in the repair of modern computer power supplies or various chargers - for cell phones, for charging "finger" AAA and AA size batteries is well aware of the small detail TL431. This is the so-called adjustable zener diode (domestic analogue of KR142EN19A). Here it truly can be said: "Small spool, yes dear."

The logic of the Zener diode is as follows: when the voltage on the control electrode exceeds 2.5 V (set by the internal reference voltage), the Zener diode, which is essentially a microcircuit, is open. In this state, current flows through it and the load. If this voltage becomes slightly less than the specified threshold, the zener diode closes and disconnects the load ...

Electric ludilka, food: 220 volts. Other name: Chumichka, soldering iron.

Independent manufacture of a simple and reliable electrical appliance designed for tinning copper wires, cable leads with tin-lead solder. It will be useful primarily for electricians, electricians. Electric tinplate tested over many years of use.

Electric tinning allows tinning of wire with a cross section of up to 35 mm².

The size of the tin: long (with handle) - 200 mm, height - 80 mm, cylinder diameter - 70 mm.

Advantages: cheap to manufacture, mobility, low weight, in the off state for a long time keeps the operating temperature, the ability to work outdoors, fast heating ...

The article contains tips that will be useful to all motorists repairing the electrics of their cars.

TIP 1.When repairing any electrical component of the car, be sure to disconnect the ground wire (common wire, usually “-”) from the battery, this will protect you from accidental short circuit and the failure of some elements.

TIP 2. Know that the main enemies of automobile electricians are moisture and dirt, which reduce the insulation resistance, thereby contributing to the possible short circuit and failure of electrical appliances and components.

TIP 3. A normal spark plug should have a light brown color, without strong soot and oxidation ...

Manual for the manufacture of a homemade electric generator 220/380 V.

Those who often leave the city know that a complete lack of electricity or its frequent blackout is not uncommon. People struggle with this by buying gas generators or kerosene lamps and stearin candles.

But there is another way. Motoblock, for plowing and cleaning gardens, has become a national hit. Experience has shown that it can be adapted to generate electricity. As a generator, you can use an asynchronous electric motor, for example, the AIR series. The electric motor must be with a rotation speed of 800-1600 rpm and a power of up to 15 kW ...

In damp rooms, garage boxes in the "pit", and other safety rooms, it is required to install lamps with 12 Volt lamps. To power such lamps, a step-down transformer is used.

In addition to conventional transformers, electronic pulse transformers have recently appeared on sale. However, when used to power the luminaires, a voltage of 12 volts with a long wire length of the lamp starts to burn dimly, at full heat. Let's try to solve this problem.

Recall physics. The power of an incandescent lamp is 60 watts, the voltage from the transformer is 12 volts, from here we calculate the current: 60/12 = 5 amperes. If a current of 5 Amps flows through 220 Volts, then the power will be 1.1 kW. With a large current, a voltage drop occurs, the voltage drop depends on the length of the wire and its cross section. A voltage drop of 5-6 volts at a voltage of 220 volts is not so noticeable, but at 12 volts this is half the voltage ...

If you have a magnetic starter with burned-out contacts or a broken case, but with a whole 220 Volt coil and a magnetic circuit, then you can make a transformer of not high power and any voltage with it yourself, but from it a charger.

Previously, in case of malfunctions of the magnetic starter, I simply dismantled it for parts or assembled one normal out of two three faulty magnetic starters. Recently I was looking for a transformer to make a charger for AAA batteries (mini-finger type). Three of these batteries are in my flashlight. But recently I came across a magnetic starter with burned out contacts. I disassembled it, I look, there is a 220 volt coil, there is a magnetic circuit, it remains only to wind the secondary winding and the transformer is ready ...