The article describes the D-trigger, its operation in various modes, a simple and intuitive technique for studying the principle of action.

In the previous part of the article, the study of triggers was started. The RS trigger is considered the simplest in this family, which was described in the seventh part of the article.

D and JK triggers are more widely used in electronics devices. According to the meaning of the action, they, like the RS trigger, are also devices with two stable states at the output, but they have a more complex logic of the input signals.

It should be noted that all of the above will be true not only for K155 series microcircuits, but also for other series of logical microcircuits, for example, K561 and K176. All logic chips also work exactly ...

Description of the scheme and principle of operation of a simple emergency lamp based on an energy-saving lamp.

There are situations when during a power outage it is necessary that some area remains lit. For example, it can be a corridor, utility room, or just a workplace. In this situation, an emergency lamp made on the basis of a conventional energy-saving lamp with a power of not more than 9 - 11 watts will greatly help.

When the mains voltage is normal, the lamp works directly from the mains. In the event of a power failure, the lamp switches to battery power. In normal operation, the battery is recharged from the network, thereby maintaining the constant performance of the lamp ...

The article describes a simple and reliable control circuit for an electric pump. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water lifting and drainage.

At the cottage or in the farm without water it is simply impossible to do. As a rule, there is no centralized water supply system in such remote places, so there are not so many ways to extract water. This is a well, well or open water. If there is electricity in the summer cottage, then the problem of water supply is best solved with the help of an electric pump.

In this case, the pump can operate either in the mode of filling the tank, or in the drainage mode - pumping water from the tank, well or well. In the first case, overflow is possible over the edge of the tank, and in the second case, the pump runs dry ...

The article gives a brief description of the properties and methods of using activated water. The description of the device of two devices for its preparation is given.

Activated water is obtained by electrolysis of ordinary tap water. From the point of view of chemistry, living water has alkaline properties that have a healing effect, and dead water has acidic properties, so it has disinfecting properties. Passing through ordinary water, an electric current changes its internal structure and contributes to the erasure of harmful environmental information.

After treatment with electricity, water is divided into two fractions that have healing properties. In the treatment of the disease, live and dead water are taken in various combinations ...

An article on how to replace a mechanical temperature regulator of an oil heating radiator.

Quite often in everyday life you have to use oil radiators for heating. The heating temperature for such radiators is set using an electromechanical controller, the basis of which is a bimetallic plate - it controls the operation of the mechanical contact.

When such a regulator becomes unusable, it cannot be repaired in almost a hundred percent of cases. It becomes impossible to use a radiator without a temperature controller: either you need to manually turn it on periodically - turn it off, or sit and wait for a fire to happen. The semiconductor temperature controller described in this article will help get rid of this situation ...

The article talks about the design of LED lamps. Several schemes of different complexity are considered and recommendations are given for the independent manufacture of LED light sources connected to a 220 V network.

As a result of the global crisis, the problem of energy conservation has become even more urgent throughout the world. In this regard, from September 1, 2009, in 27 EU countries, the sale of incandescent lamps with a capacity of 100 or more watts has already been banned. And already in 2011 in Europe, it is planned to introduce an embargo on the sale of the most popular 60-watt light bulbs for buyers. By the end of 2012, a complete rejection of incandescent lamps is planned.

The U.S. Congress passed a law on the rejection of incandescent lamps in 2013. According to these laws, residents of the European Union and the United States will completely switch to energy-saving light sources - fluorescent and LED lamps ...

Electronic devices with two stable output states are called triggers. A trigger is translated into one of the stable states by input pulses.

A similar formulation is given, as a rule, in all technical literature. For the one who came across it for the first time, it may not be entirely clear. What are these two states, and why are they called stable?

This is easiest to explain with a simple and accessible example. A fairly close and understandable analogue can be an ordinary light bulb with a switch. There are two states here: on - off. For a trigger, these states are high, low. It is also sometimes said, on - off, installed - reset.

In order to light or turn off the light bulb, just touch the switch. In order for the bulb to continue to burn, it is not necessary to hold the switch with your finger: the bulb will burn indefinitely ...

In the previous parts of the article, the simplest devices based on 2I-NOT logical elements were considered. This is a self-oscillating multivibrator and one-shot. Let's see what can be created on their basis.

Each of these devices can be used in various designs as master oscillators and pulse shapers of the required duration. Given the fact that the article is for guidance only, and not a description of any specific complex circuit, we restrict ourselves to a few simple devices using the above schemes.

A multivibrator is a fairly versatile device, so its use is very diverse. In the fourth part of the article, a multivibrator circuit based on three logical elements was shown. In order not to look for this part, the circuit is shown again in the figure ...