Modern household electric heaters

Heaters of various types are widely used in apartments and offices, as a rule, as additional heating. The greatest demand for them in the fall, when they do not rush to turn on central heating, and in apartments, especially at night, it becomes very cold. Next, it will be described how to choose a heater, what types of heaters exist, and their application features.

Heater Types

Industrial heaters are designed for round-the-clock operation for a long time. However, they do not require care and prevention, and generally no maintenance, except, except for wiping off dust with a soft cloth. By their design, scope, maintainability, complexity, principle of operation, the number of additional functions, heating devices are very diverse and numerous.

The range of manufactured heaters is quite wide. These are convectors, oil radiators, fan heaters, heat guns and curtains, gas heaters, as well as infrared and halogen ones. What are the features of certain types of heaters, their advantages and disadvantages, the conditions of use and operation will be described in this article.

All heaters according to the principle of action can be divided into two large groups: those that heat the air directly in the room (air), and those that heat the water (American-style boilers, in Russian simply water-heating boilers), which is then fed to water heating radiators .

According to the method of heat supply, “air” heaters are also divided into two groups. First of all, these are heaters with natural heat supply. This group includes convectors that use a spiral to heat air above room temperature, and then, according to the laws of physics, heated air rises and spreads throughout the room.

The second group includes heaters with air injection, - fan heaters, heat guns and air curtains. Also, heaters can be divided into groups by design: floor, wall and portable (portable).

Variety of heating devices

As a heating device, you can use anything you want, from a blowtorch, gas or electric stove or a tram stove, ending with "civilized" devices in the form of a heated floor, electric fireplace, oil radiator and other heating devices manufactured by the industry.

Thus, the topic of domestic heaters is very multifaceted and extensive. The main purpose of heating devices is to ensure the livelihoods of people, as well as, not least, creating comfort with safe use. Therefore, only devices of industrial manufacture will be considered below.

Oil heaters

The most popular when the area of ​​the room does not exceed 25 - 30 m2. They can work 24 hours a day, while providing a comfortable and safe heating, mobile and compact enough. All oil coolers are equipped with a thermostat that maintains the set temperature.

Most often, the thermostat is a normal contact mounted on a bimetal plate. Adjustment to the set temperature is made by changing the gap of the aforementioned contact using the adjusting screw. Some models of oil heaters have a key power switch: just connect one or two heating elements (TEN).

The advantages of oil radiators include the fact that they do not burn air oxygen, since the heating elements are in a closed volume.The maximum surface temperature of the radiator, as a rule, does not exceed 70 - 80 degrees.

The appearance of the oil cooler is shown in the figure.

Basically, all the oil radiators that can be bought in the country, like everything else, are made in China, although in small quantities such devices are still produced in Finland, Germany and Belgium. Basically, all oil heaters are designed in the same way, the difference can be in power, number of sections, dimensions. Many modern models have additional functions that, due to the rapid development of electronics, have penetrated into the field of heating appliances.

First of all, these are remote controls, timers. With the help of timers, it is possible to program the on / off time of the device at a given time or even change the heating power.

The lower limit of the thermostat for many models of oil heaters is marked with a “snowflake”. This indicates the frost protection mode (ANTI FROST). In this mode, the thermostat maintains a temperature of no more than 5 degrees in the room, which ensures minimal energy consumption.

Some modern models are equipped with a fan that increases the rate of heat transfer, and a presence sensor, which turns on the “fast” heating mode when a person approaches.

Heating panels (convectors)

Convector-type heaters are no less common than oil radiators. They are used not only at home, but also in offices, shops and country houses. This is easily explained by the simplicity of their design, small size, reliability and silent operation. In addition, heating panels provide quick heating. The appearance of the heating panel is shown in the figure.

Convectors are available in several types. First of all, they should be distinguished by the installation method: wall, hanging and floor. Depending on the mounting method and installation location, the heating area also changes.

For example, a suspended convector is able to provide optimal heating at a height of 1 - 2 m from the floor, which in some cases gives an increased level of comfort. The design of such convectors is such that their appearance resembles an air exhaust. One of these convectors is shown in the figure.

Convection heater operation principle

Despite the variety of designs and shapes, all convectors work on the same principle. The air inside the heater comes into contact with the heating element, heats up and rises up according to the laws of physics. The heat of the heated air is given to the room, the heating process takes place. Cold air is sucked in through openings located below the heating element, so there is a continuous movement of air inside the heater body.

Due to this simple principle of operation, the design of convectors is simple and compact, the casing is usually quite flat, which allows them to be mounted on the wall, thereby saving living space. In addition, the appearance of the convectors does not spoil the interior of the residential premises, decorated with taste. If there is no desire or ability to produce expensive electrical work, then the purchase of convector-type heaters will allow you to heat the room with minimal cost, quite optimally.

According to the installation method, convectors of wall, floor and hanging type are distinguished. Convectors also differ in type of fuel: electric and gas. Compared to gas heaters, electric convectors are more popular due to the aesthetic appearance, small dimensions, as well as ease of maintenance and low price. Wall convectors are more convenient than floor convectors, since they practically do not occupy usable area.

Read about other types of modern household electric heaters in next article.

Boris Aladyshkin